MyRoboPathOpen Robotics Lab
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ActuatorsQUICK REFERENCE

Buzzer

Choose the right signal for active buzzers and passive sounders.

Audio feedbackMyRoboPath / Robotics field notes
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01Identify the type

Active
Contains an oscillator. Rated DC power produces a fixed tone.
Passive
Needs an alternating signal; frequency controls pitch.
Polarity
Observe +/− markings where present; module pin order varies.

02Drive safely

Small piezo
May be GPIO-driven if its current and voltage requirements fit the MCU limits.
Higher current
Use a transistor/MOSFET driver and external rated supply with common ground.
Magnetic type
An inductive sounder may require flyback protection; follow its datasheet.

03Arduino example

Tone
tone(8, 2000, 150); produces a 2 kHz tone for 150 ms on a passive sounder.
Stop
noTone(8);
Active module
Switch its enable or supply driver. Check whether the input is active-low.

Datasheets & further reading

Arduino tone reference